1、丝杠的分类

1. Classification of lead screws

机床丝杠按其摩擦特性可分为三类:即滑动丝杠、滚动丝杠及静压丝杠。

Machine tool screws can be divided into three categories based on their friction characteristics: sliding screws, rolling screws, and static pressure screws.

由于滑动丝杠结构简单，制造方便，所以在机床上应用比较广泛。滑动丝杠的牙型多为梯形。这种牙型比三角形牙酬具有效果高，传动性能好，精度高，加工方便等优点。

Due to its simple structure and easy manufacturing, sliding screws are widely used in machine tools. The tooth shape of sliding screw is mostly trapezoidal. This type of tooth has advantages such as higher effectiveness, better transmission performance, higher precision, and easier processing compared to triangular teeth.

滚动丝杠义分为滚珠丝杠和滚柱丝杠两大类。滚珠丝杠与滚柱丝杠相比而言，摩擦力小，传动效率高，精度也高，因而比较常用，但是其制造工艺比较复杂。

Rolling screws are divided into two categories: ball screws and roller screws. Compared with roller screws, ball screws have lower friction, higher transmission efficiency, and higher accuracy, making them more commonly used. However, their manufacturing process is more complex.

静压丝杠有许多的优点，常被用于精密机床和数控机床的进给机构中。其螺纹牙形与标准梯形螺纹牙形相同。但牙形高于同规格标准螺纹1.5～2倍，目的在于获得良好油封及提高承载能力。但是调整比较麻烦，而且需要一套液压系统，工艺复杂，成本较高。

Static pressure screw has many advantages and is often used in the feed mechanism of precision machine tools and CNC machine tools. Its thread profile is the same as the standard trapezoidal thread profile. But the tooth shape is 1.5 to 2 times higher than the standard thread of the same specification, in order to obtain a good oil seal and improve the load-bearing capacity. But the adjustment is more complicated and requires a hydraulic system, with complex processes and high costs.

2、丝杠的结构特点

2. Structural characteristics of screw

（1）丝杠结构的工艺特点：丝杠是细长柔性轴，它的长度L与直径d的比值很大，一般为20～50，刚性较差。结构形状复杂，有很高的螺纹表面要求，还有阶梯、沟槽等，所以，在加工过程中易出现变形。

(1) The process characteristics of the screw structure: The screw is a slender and flexible shaft, with a large ratio of length L to diameter d, generally between 20 and 50, and poor rigidity. The structural shape is complex, with high requirements for threaded surfaces, as well as steps, grooves, etc., so deformation is prone to occur during the processing.

（2）精度等级：在标准GB785－65中，对普通梯形螺纹精度是按中径公差划分的。共有五项基本参数：即外径d、内径d1、中径d2、螺距t及牙形半角α/2。由于丝杠要传递准确运动，因此，按2886－81规定，丝杠及螺距的精度，根据使用要求分为6个等级：4、5、6、7、8、9（精度依次降低)。

(2) Accuracy level: In the national standard GB785-65, the accuracy of ordinary trapezoidal threads is divided according to the pitch diameter tolerance. There are five basic parameters: outer diameter d, inner diameter d1, pitch d2, pitch t, and tooth half angle α/2. Due to the need to transmit accurate motion of the screw, according to 2886-81, the accuracy of the screw and pitch is divided into six levels based on usage requirements: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 (with decreasing accuracy in sequence).

各级精度丝杠应用范围如下：4级为目前，一般很少应用；5级用于精密仪器及机密机床，如坐标镗床、螺纹磨床等；6级用于精密仪器、精密机床和数控机床；7级用于精密螺纹车床、齿轮加工机床及数控机床；8级用于一般机床，如卧式车床、铣床；9级用于刨床、钻床及一般机床的进给机构。

The application range of precision screws at all levels is as follows: Level 4 is currently the highest level and is generally rarely used; Level 5 is used for precision instruments and confidential machine tools, such as coordinate boring machines, thread grinders, etc; Level 6 is used for precision instruments, precision machine tools, and CNC machine tools; Grade 7 is used for precision thread lathes, gear machining machines, and CNC machines; Level 8 is used for general machine tools such as horizontal lathes and milling machines; Level 9 is used for the feed mechanism of planers, drilling machines, and general machine tools.

一般所说的精密丝杠是指5、6、7级丝杠。精密丝杠有淬硬丝杠和不淬硬丝杠两种。前者的耐磨性较好，能较长时间保持加工精度，但加工工艺复杂，必须有高精度的螺纹磨床和专门的热处理设备，而后者只需要精密丝杠车床。

The precision screw generally refers to 5th, 6th, and 7th grade screws. There are two types of precision screws: hardened screws and non hardened screws. The former has good wear resistance and can maintain machining accuracy for a long time, but the machining process is complex and requires high-precision thread grinders and specialized heat treatment equipment, while the latter only requires precision screw lathes.

本文由pg电子游戏太阳神传说 友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击://www.crazwind.com我们将会对您提出的疑问进行详细的解答，欢迎您登录网站留言.

This article is a friendly contribution from the guide screw For more information, please click: //www.crazwind.com We will provide detailed answers to your questions. You are welcome to log in to our website and leave a message